10. Emmeline Pankhurst

In 1889, Emmeline founded Women’s Franchise League, which fought to allow married women to allow voting in local elections. In October 1903, she helped found more militant Women’s Social and Political Union or WSPU. Like many suffragettes, Emmeline was arrested on numerous occasions. When World War I broke out, she turned her energies to supporting war effort. In 1918, the Representation of People Act gave voting rights to women over 30. She died on 14 June in London, few weeks after Representation of People Act establishing voting equality for men and women was passed.

9. Boudicca

Boudicca was queen of the Iceni people of Eastern England. She led a major uprising against occupying Roman forces. She was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Angelia. When Roman conquered Southern England in AD 43, they allowed Prasutagus to continue to rule. However, when he died Romans decided to rule Iceni directly. Boudicca was herself stripped and beaten by Romans, and she rose to lead an uprising against them. She went from victory to victory. Her final defeat came in AD 61. She survived the battle but killed herself by taking poison.

8. Catherine of Sienna

A scholastic philosopher and theologian, she did not receive any education. She became lay member of Dominician religious order. She took care of the ill and the poor and dedicated her life to their service. She wrote letters to men and women in authority. Considered one of the greatest works of early Tuscan literature, more than 300 letters have survived. Pope Pius II canonized Catherine in 1461 and she is now one of three female Doctors of the Church. She is also one of the patron saints of Europe.

7. Eva Peron

She was wife of Argentine President Juan Peron. She founded the charitable Eva Perón Foundation, and the nation’s first large-scale female political party, the Female Peronist Party. Her charitable organization built homes for the poor and homeless, and also provided free health care to citizens.

On August 22, 1951 the unions held a mass rally of two million people called “Cabildo Abierto” at which they begged Eva Peron to run for vice president. It has been claimed that “Cabildo Abierto” was the largest public display of support in history for a female political figure.

6. Hatshepsut, King of Egypt Reign 1479 BC to 1458 BC

Hatshepsut was the first wife and Queen of Thutmose II. She was a very unique and intelligent individual. Unlike most women of that time, she attached a false beard, wore male clothing, and was depicted in statues as pharaoh, and not as a queen. She ruled for 20 years and under reign Egyptian economy flourished. She set off the army on a trade expedition to the land of Punt, where no Egyptian had been for more than 500 years. It was an enormous success and enhanced the reputation of Hatshepsut.

5. Rosa Parks

On 1 December 1995, she refused to give up her seat for a white passenger. This act of civil disobedience sparked off Montgomery Bus Boycott, which is one of the largest movements against racial segregation. In addition, this launched Martin Luther King, Jr., who was involved with the boycott, to prominence in the civil rights movement. She is a perfect example of how the action of one person can start a chain of reactions that have far reaching results. She died in Detroit at the age of ninety-two on October 24, 2005. City officials in Montgomery and Detroit announced on October 27, 2005 that the front seats of their city buses would be reserved with black ribbons in honor of Parks until her funeral. Her casket was transported to Washington, DC, and taken, aboard a bus similar to the one in which she made her protest, to lie in honor in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda (making her the first woman and second African American ever to receive this honor).

4. Catherine II, Empress of Russia 1729 –1796

Catherine the Great was a German princess. She married Prince Carl Peter Ulrich, the heir to Russian throne. In June 1762, she took an active part in coup against her husband Peter III. He was overthrown and soon killed in an accident, while Catherine became Russia’s autocratic ruler. Throughout her long reign, many reforms were undertaken, and territory of Russia was further extended by acquiring lands of southern Ukraine and Crimea. She was one of the greatest of Russian rulers.

3. Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, the youngest of three children of an Albanian builder, on August 26, 1910 in Skopje, Macedonia. At the age of 18, she joined the Order of the Sisters of Our Lady of Loreto in Ireland. It was here that she chose the name Teresa, in memory of Saint Teresa of Lemieux.

Mother Teresa later came to Calcutta to teach. However, she always wanted to serve the poor, and she received what she believed to be a call from God, telling her to devote her to working with the poorest in India. She established new order of nuns, The Missionary of Charity. Mother Teresa’s first orphanage was started in 1953. While in 1953, she and her Missionaries of Charity began working with lepers. Mother Teresa died in 1997.

She has been given many awards, The Nobel Peace Prize, The Pope John XXIII Peace Prize and Medal of Freedom, as well as many more. All through her life, she served people suffering from various incurable diseases and unwanted by the society and perhaps that’s why she is called ‘Angle of Mercy’.

2. Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc was born in 1412, in little village of Domremy in France. Joan believed that she had vision from God, and she was determined to save France. When she was just 18 years old, she led her men to victory against English in city of Orleans. Her fame spread everywhere, and the English as well as French thought that she had more than human power. At last, English were driven far to the north of France. Then Charles, urged by Joan, went to Rheims, and there, in Joan’s presence, was crowned king.

Joan was later betrayed and accused of being a tool of evil. She was tried, and burned at the stake. Later, she was declared to be a saint by Catholic Church and to this day she remains national heroine of France.

1. Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale is known as founder of modern nursing. She was daughter of a well-to-do family in England. She was born in Florence, Italy on 12 May 1820. By the time she was 12, she was determined to do ‘something worthwhile’. She wanted to look after sick and used every spare minute to learn from nursing books she had secretly obtained. Her parents tried to get her to change her mind but she was adamant about becoming nurse.

During the Crimean War, she was put in charge of nursing. She went to battlefield with 38 nurses, cleaned up the huge, dirty building that served as a hospital. Through her efforts thousands of lives were saved. At night, she would visit the sick and the injured, carrying a lamp and so became known as ‘The Lady with the Lamp’.

She will always be remembered for the fact that she changed the face of nursing from a mostly untrained profession to a highly skilled and well-respected medical profession, with very important responsibilities.

9. The Vietnamese famine of 1945: During Second World War when Vietnam came under control of Japan, the agricultural focus was shifted from cultivation to rubber production. The little crop left was commandeered by the invading force. The devastating drought coupled with flood resulted in mass starvation and death of around 2 million people.

8. North Korean Famine: Due to torrential rain falls and the poor leadership, North Korea suffered tremendous famine from 1994-8. Around 3 million people died due to malnutrition and starvation.

7. Russian Famine of 1921: Apart from losing millions in World War and multiples Civil wars, Russia face another disaster in the form of famine in the 20th century. The Bolshevik soldiers forced the farmer for their crops, as a result they stopped growing crops. The consequences were a shortage of food and seed. By 1921 around 5 million Russians died.

6. Bengal Famine of 1943: coupled with cyclones and the aftermaths of WWII, Bengal ended up in the famine. Burma was the trading partner of Bengal, which after WWII, Japan delayed the imports. Around 7 million Bengalis were dead due to starvation.

5. The Bengal famine of 1770: Bengal has a history of famine. This famine wiped out one third of the total population of Bengal. The ignorance of the then governance by the East India Company and increase in taxation  coupled with drought and shortage of crops resulted famine. It killed around 10 million people.

4. Soviet Famine: From 1932-33, within a year around 10 million people were perished by the famine. The policy of collectivization was the main cause of famine, which was administered by Josef Stalin. Lands and crops were taken away from peasants forcefully. Hidden crops were burned which actually were seeds to be planted in next season. The killing and mass starvation lasted for one year.

3. Chalisa famine: in 1783 in North India, 11 million people died due to mass starvation. Significantly less rain withered and died. Lack of food and water resulted in wiping off of livestock. In just one year, 11 million Indians died out of starvation.

2. Chinese Famine of 1907: East Central China was going through a poor harvest when a storm hit and flooded 40,000 square miles of agricultural land. It is estimated that around 5000 people died out of starvation in those days. 25 million Chinese died in this short lived event.

1. Great Chinese famine: Another famine caused by the change in government policy; the Chinese communist leaders forced to change the population and implemented the Communal farming. Another factor was the new methods of planning which failed. Around 43 million Chinese died in this famine.

So, here is a list of top ten greatest commanders of ancient world who made history march behind them:

10. William I

William the Conqueror was first Norman king of England. He was a cousin of the English king, Edward the Confessor. He led the Norman invasion of England and on 14 October, William emerged victorious in Battle of Hastings and on Christmas Day 1066, he was crowned king in Westminster Abbey. He brought into existence Anglo-Norman culture.

9. Attila the Hun

Attila was king and general of Hun Empire from 433 AD to 453 AD. He devastated the western half of Roman Empire, and controlled a region from the Danube River to the Baltic Sea, and from Rhine River to Caspian Sea. His brutality earned him the title of ‘the scourge of god’ from his enemies.

8. Trajan

Trajan was a soldier who spent most of his life involved in campaigns. He was adopted by the Roman Emperor Nerva.

Trajan conquered Dacia (modern-day Romania and Moldova), the Nabatean kingdom (located between the Arabian and Sinai peninsulas), Armenia, north Mesopotamia and much of Parthia (today’s Iran and Iraq). He died on his way to Rome on 9 August AD 117 after suffering a stroke.

7. Ramses II

 He ruled for 67 years[1279-1213 BC], and lived to be over 90 years old. At the age of 30 he ascended the throne. He extended the borders of his kingdom to the Fourth Cataract of the Nile (Dar al-Manasir Valley in modern-day northern Sudan) in the south and the present-day Syria in the north. He fought an indecisive battle against Hittites and their allies; Ramses was obliged to sign a treaty with prince of Hittite. He was most extraordinary ruler of ancient Egypt.

6. Genghis Khan

 His real name was Temujin. He was founder of Mongol Empire. He unified the Mongols and went on to raid China and captured the capital. He conquered almost whole of West Asia and extended the boundaries of his empire until it covered all most whole of Asia. It was first time that the east and the west were united. On his way back to home from China, he fell ill and died.

5. Hannibal Barca

He was a young Carthagian general who won most of his battles by coming up with clever ideas. He invaded Italy and inflicted crushing defeat on Romans at Trebia, Trasimene and Cannae. He is one of the greatest military general of all times.

4. Napolean Bonaparte

 In 1796, he was made commander of French army in Italy. In 1799, Napolean became first Consul when the existing government in France was overthrown. He became King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine. After the battle of Waterloo, he was imprisoned on remote Atlantic island St. Helena, where he died on 5 May, 1829.

3. Julius Ceasar

 He expanded Rome’s border by bringing parts of Gaul and Britain under the control of Rome. He defeated enemies in Spain and Germany and passed onto Greece. Caesar defeated Egypt as well. He put an end to civil war and seized the control of entire Roman Empire. But, the following year he was murdered by members of Senate.

2. Cyrus the Great

 He conquered many neighboring lands, and brought them together and created what we call Achaemenid Persian Empire. He was also known as master of diplomacy and tact. He put an end to Babylonian captivity and allowed Jewish community to return to Israel. He also declared the first Charter of Human Rights known to mankind.

1. Alexander the Great

 He was son of King Philip II of Macedonia. Before his death, he had conquered the entire known world. Everywhere he went, he introduced Hellenistic culture. He also allowed the conquered people to run their country as long as they remained loyal to him. He never lost a battle in his life, is it any wonder that he is the greatest warrior of all times.

Here is a list of top ten most significant contributors to this field of medical sciences:

10. Joseph Lister and William Morton

Though these two gentlemen never worked together still I’ve taken the pain to bring them together for it was their individual contributions that together made surgery endurable.

When Lister began his medical education, surgery had mortality rate of over 50℅. If a person was able to survive the pain of surgery without anesthesia, an infection after the surgery would usually cause death. He set out early to change this problem. He decided to use carbolic acid on a small boy with a compound fracture in his leg, in 1865. The wound didn’t become infected following the surgery. Lister’s success meant that antiseptics began to be used regularly and only fewer people died following a surgery.

Before mid 1800′s, there was nothing to dull the pain during surgery but whiskey. There were many efforts to come up with a solution. But it was a dentist, William Morton, who first used ether as a general anesthetic to painlessly remove a tumor from patient’s neck. His success led to widespread use of ether as general anesthetic.

9. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch draper who made microscopes his hobby. In 1674, he took the plaque from between his teeth, and studied under the microscope. To his wonder, he saw many little living organisms that he called ‘animalcules’.

Leeuwenhoek realized that he had discovered something very important about how diseases were caused. Indeed, he was correct!

8. Paul Ehrlich

Paul Ehrlich, when he was trying to produce vaccine for diphtheria, discovered that if a poison or toxin is introduced into the body, it will make its own anti-toxin that will destroy the toxin. These anti-toxins are called anti-bodies. They are proteins that are carried in the blood, and they travel to whichever part of the body they are needed to fight an infection. His findings are basis of modern science of immunology.

7. William Harvey

Harvey was an English physician who was the first to describe accurately how blood was pumped around the body by heart. Most people of the day believed that food was converted into blood by liver, and then, was consumed as fuel by the body.

In 1628, he described how blood was pumped from the heart throughout the body, then returned to heart and then re-circulated. Valves in the heart ensured that the blood flowed only in right direction. His work became the basis for all modern research on heart and blood vessels.

6. Rudolf Virchow

Rudolf Virchow was a German pathologist, archaeologist, anthropologist, and founder of cellular pathology. He formulated the ‘Cell Theory’ in which he said that every cell comes from another cell, and life begins when fertilized egg divides into billions and billions of cells that make up human being.

He was of idea that diseases originate in cell, not in tissues, organs, or whole organ system. He identified abnormal cells that cause leukemia, and described the disease correctly as a rapid increase of WBCs in the body.

At the height of his career, he was offered noble status, with the new surname ‘Von Virchow’. However, he declined the offer.

5. Edward Jenner

It is difficult to imagine that a dreaded disease, small-pox, that before 1798 killed thousands of people was wiped out from the world by 1975. It was Edward Jenner who saved the world from this dreaded disease.

He experimented with pus from cowpox sores. He found that if you injected the pus from cowpox sore into healthy person, that person would not get smallpox even if he came into contact with a person suffering from small-pox. Thus, first vaccine was born and it was a great leap forward in medicine.

4. Alexander Fleming

He once forgot to clean the dish on which he was growing bacteria, and went on a holiday. When he came back, he discovered a kind of mould growing in the dish but to his utter bewilderness the bacteria surrounding the mould has been killed. Fleming called the mould penicillin and through many more experiments he found that it killed many more germs that caused infection. Fleming’s discovery saved the life of millions through the course of time.

3. Louis Pasteur

He is one of greatest benefactors of humanity. He put forth ‘germ theory’ of disease in which he advocated and proved that most infectious diseases are caused by micro-organisms and thereby founded science of microbiology.

He is best known for his discovery of vaccine for rabies. He reasoned that if a vaccine could be found for small-pox then a vaccine could be found for all diseases. He was able to produce vaccines for anthrax, and rabies.

2. Ian Wilmut

He is the head of the team that produced Dolly, the sheep in 1996. Dolly, was no ordinary sheep. She was the replica of another living sheep; infact she was first cloned mammal.

The primary focus of cloning is to reproduce stem cells that would be used to grow replacement organs. Further, farmers can multiply animals exactly with desirable qualities. This opens a wide horizon of possibilities both phenomenal and frightening.

1. Francis Crick and James Watson

 DNA or ‘deoxyribonucleic acid’ is the hereditary information about human beings and all most all other organism. An, American scientist, Oswald Avery suggested that DNA might carry the genetic information from parent to child. But how one tiny molecule could carry so much information! Many scientists tried to explain the structure of DNA but it was finally Crick and Watson who built a double spiral of a molecule which explained the structure of DNA. It was this path breaking discovery that has secured them a duo position in list of greatest medical pioneers, the world has ever witnessed. In fact, they have discovered secret of life.

Most of the first inventions made by Early Men came about because of a need or by accident but yet there relevance even to the present scenario can’t be denied.

So, here is list of top ten most basic ideas that changed the course of human civilization:

[Not to mention, this list is just one of the ways these basic ideas can be thought about]

1. Tools

Our earliest ancestors were hunters and the earliest tools were used for cutting, throwing or hammering. These early tools were mostly made of stones or sticks. Pieces of stones were chipped to make a sharp edge for cutting and tips of sticks were sharpened to make spears for throwing. Handles of sticks were fixed to form hammers. These inventions were very basic yet they were important as they led to further inventions as they tried to improve it.

2. Fire

Man probably discovered by accident that fire could be made. No matter whatsoever, in any case it completely changed the way Early Man lived.

Early Man made fire either by striking stone or by rubbing pieces of wood together. The discovery of fire had many far reaching consequences. So, it is considered as the single most important discovery that man made superior to animals.

3. Wheel

Like all other discoveries of Early Man, this was not the outcome of efforts of one man or one country, it was the outcome of ideas of many men and many culture over a very long period of time. The first wheels were found in remains of Assyrian, Babylonian, and Egyptian cultures.

The wheel is probably most important mechanical invention of all time. It made the invention of many other objects easy and movement of larger goods easier.

4. Agriculture

The early men were food gathers and hunters and they were ignorant of the art of agriculture. But once they discovered that they could actually grow the food themselves; it completely changed their way of life. It meant that instead of wandering from place to place, he could stay in one place and grow what he needed to eat and the first human settlements began to come into picture. Farming of land first began in middle east.

5. Time Recording

The ancient Sumerians and Egyptians were first to divide days into different parts. Around 3500 B C, slender tapering monuments were built to record time. These monuments were called obelisks. The passage of hour was first measured around 1500 B C when first sundial was made. Over the centuries, clock making became more developed and time keeping more refined till today when we have devices which can measure time to one hundredth of a second.

6. Language

The advent of writing started when Early Man started farming and settled in one place. Around 4100-3800BC, symbols impressed on clay began to be used to keep records. The symbols were in form of pictures; eventually symbols first came to represent ideas and then sounds.

Before the development of spoken language, Early Man communicated with members of his group perhaps by grunting, or through simple noises. The development of spoken language allowed better and easier communication and to pass on their culture.

7. Trading

Trading allowed men to exchange what they had surplus for what they wanted. It was an important step forward. Trading became popular when first cities were established. Soon, trading became the index of prosperity of cities.

8. Calendar

Ancient civilizations depended on movement of sun, moon, planets and stars to measure passage of time and to keep a track of seasons, months and years. Most of the ancient calendars were lunar calendars, based on time interval from one new moon to next. The early Egyptians calendar was based on moon’s cycle but they later developed 365 days calendar.

On the other hand, the Mayans of Central America used not only moon and sun bot also planet Venus, to develop 260-day and 365-day calendars.

9. Laws

Another important discovery of ancient world, without which world would have been a chaos. The first clear expression of written laws to govern a territory comes from ancient Babylonian civilization from reign of Hammurabi. Hammurabi was an ancient Babylonian king. He created the first written set of laws using the cuneiform script developed by Sumerians. These laws were called Hammurabi’s code. It was a collection of 282 laws written on a upright stone pillar. He is also called ‘king of law’.

The code was found by French archaeologist in 1901.

10. Paper

The last but not the least, we have paper in our list. One can surely say why it has been pushed so down in the list. Perhaps, because its absence for considerable period of time from human history didn’t affect other developments of the past age. Though like other inventions of the ancient world it completely changed the world thereafter.

Paper seems to have been invented in China around 100B C. A government official named Ts’ai Lun was the first to start a paper-making industry.

Even after people in China began using paper, it took another thousand years before people were using paper all over Eurasia. Paper gets its name from the Egyptian papyrus that was used to make paper-like sheets as early as 2300B C.

10.  Bruce lee and Brandon lee.

Bruce lee the legendary fighter revolutionized the era of martial arts world wide . Bruce lee became the icon for the fighting masters and those who aspired . The weapons he used especially Nunchaku became the trend for the youngsters . It was said that he was the fittest man on Earth but that was not the case . He suffered from cerebral edema that is retention of water in the nervous tissues . He used to have head aches and seizures . On the day that he died ; 20th July 1973 ; he was suffering from head ache and had taken pain killer Eguagesic and then went to sleep never to wake up again . He was due to have dinner with co actors but when he did not turn up they went to wake him up to find him dead . He was taken to Hong Kong Baptist hospital where he was declared dead . His brain had swollen about 13% at that time . Some suspect foul play and say he was murdered as he was on the heights of his career in Hollywood . His son Brandon who was thought to extend his father’s league died in an unfortunate even on the sets of a film with a prop gun which had some traces of bullet left that hit his abdomen . In hospital he was declared dead .  It is said that Lee family had a curse over it that ended the father and son duo  in the young ages of 32 ( Bruce) and 28 (Brandon) only .

9. Tupac Shakur. 

Tupac was a renowned was a rapper and also an actor . He was an american citizen . He is taken as one of the greatest seller of all times having sold 75 million copies by 2010 . He was at the peak of his career when on the unfortunate day of 7th September 1996 he was shot at several times and on the 13th September he died . He was returning home from a boxing match which he went to see . His car was at a halt at the signal waiting for it to go green . A car pulled in next to his . They pulled down the glass and started shooting at him hitting him several times in the vital organs . The car escaped and left no traces even till today no one knows the criminal behind this although professional rivalry is taken as the cause. Tupac died at the age of  25 years .

8. Jim Morrison .

Jim Morrison was a singer and a song writer . He was the lead singer of the band The Doors which was one of the remembered one of its time . Jim had gone to Paris where he stayed at the the rented apartment with Courson . He was found dead in the bath tub in the apartment by Courson . The doctor who checked in stated there is no foul play and therefore no autopsy was done which left many questions unanswered . Courson stated that Morrison took overdoes of heroin which caused his death . Although it is hard to believe this because Morrison stated in an interview that he never did heroin and so why all of a sudden he would do that in Paris . People Think it was Courson who either killed him or lead to his death . Some think He faked his own death to escape the lime light and he is alive somewhere still out there . Some say he was killed by drug dealers . While his close ones maintain that he never took drugs . His death remained a mystery and will be . He died at the age of 27 years only .

7. Amelia Earhart .

She is the first women ever to reach the skies in true sense . She broke all the barriers that hurdled the women race and proved to the world that a women is no less in anything than men . She was the first women to cross the Atlantic ocean in a sole journey . She also set various other records as well .  She started an aviation academy for women . She was determined to go on a cir cum navigational journey of the globe . On the 2nd of July 1937 she along with Noonan took off in her plane Electra . They were to reach the Howland island but never reached there . The aircraft lost communication and could not be traced . Even till today all we have are theories as to what might have happened to them. Some say the plane crashed and sank to the bottom of the ocean .Some say she fell victim to the Bermuda triangle . But what happened still is unknown . She disappeared and never was seen again.

6. Elvis Presley.

Elvis Presley was the king of rock and roll . He was the best performer that ever lived and will ever live . He was the heart throb for the nation and idol for millions . His songs still echo throughout the world . He was a drug addict . At the time of his death it was found it autopsy that there were 14 drugs in his blood 10 in significant amounts . Hence it was declared that multi drugs was the reason for his death . Then it was also declared that it was an arrhythmia that killed him . Later it was stated that it was not the drugs that killed him but a major heart attack . His doctor was suspended from medical profession because of irrational prescription of drugs he had given to Presley which included over 10000 dose of sedatives and narcotics in the first 8 months only. His actual cause remained a mystery but for sure a grave loss to the world .

5. Kurt Cobain. 

Kurt Cobain was the guitarist and singer of the famous music band Nirvana . It was one of the most popular bands of its time . In March 1984 his wife found him intoxicated with alcohol and was rushed to hospital . She said that it was his first suicide attempt . Later in the same month he locked himself in the room with a gun and police had to rush in to rescue him confiscating several guns and pills . In the same year in April Cobain was found dead in his lake Washington home . He had shot himself and was also drugged . The police he had died a few days before on the 5th April and the body was found on the 8th . There was even a suicide note . The death came as a shock to the fans . His suicidal tendency was a secret to all even to his wife who did not know about it . He ended up killing himself in depression .

4. Indira Gandhi .

She was the first woman prime minister of India and daughter of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru . She was also called the iron lady of the country . She ruled the nation and the hearts of the people . She strived for the welfare of the people and stayed surrounded many controversies in her tenure . On the unfortunate day of 31st October 1984 her own bodyguards shot her in the garden of her residence with their guns . Both the guards were Sikhs and it was said that they assassinated her in revenge of the operation blue star ; June 1984 ; which she ordered to get the Sikhs out of gurudwara for hiding weapons in there . On autopsy it was found that 30 bullets had hit her  7 of which were still in her body . On of the guard was killed on the spot and other was given a death sentence . The actual story behind the scene no one knows . Some say it was the fact that she will win the next elections that she was killed .

3.  Natalie woods .

Natalie woods was an American actress . She was a young and talented actress being nominated 3 times even before she could 25 years of age . She was a weekend trip to California on a boat to Santa Catalina island with her husband and co actor and the ship’s captain . She died the night by drowning in the sea on 29th November 1981 which was then termed as an accidental death . There was 0.14% alcohol in her blood which above the driving limit and also 2 medicament . But now in 2011 the case is reopened as not drowning but other factors that may have played a role in her death . The captain of the ship too said that the fight between the couple was the reason of her death . The investigation is still on and the prime suspect is the husband . Although what happened actually still remains a mystery .

2. Marilyn Monroe. 

Marilyn was an actress and a singer in the 50′s and 60′s . She spend her childhood in foster homes and became an actress in 1946 with the Twentieth century Fox . She gave many successful films in her career . On the unfortunate day of  5th August 1961 she was found in her room naked and dead . The autopsy revealed acute barbiturate poisoning and therefore suicide . but some things don’t fall in place . She was shopping a day before which is unusual for people to have suicidal intentions . It is said she had an affair with the president Kennedy and that may have caused her death . Some say the Mafia were involved who killed her on some one’s account again pointing at Kennedy . there were even bruises on her . The actual cause of her death suicide or murder remains a mystery .

1. Princess Diana .

The lady who was acclaimed as one of the mot beautiful women in the world dies a tragic death . She had divorced Prince Charles and therefore people suspect him as one of the major reasons behind her death . Some days before her death she had written a letter to her butler saying she was in danger . She never took police protection because they were easily influenced by royal people . On the day she died 31st August 1997 she was being chased by the paparazzi . In order to escape them the driver was chasing the car who was drunk and lost control . The accident was brutal and the lady along with the driver and security man lost her life . The accident was labelled unlawful killing . But it could not be proved that it was a murder . The real story lies with some unheard by many and the truth still hidden .

10.First day of lunar calendar is Chinese new year

Chinese months are decided by lunar calendar which each of its month beginning on the darkest day.New year’s eve in china known as Chuxi, literal meaning “eve of the passing year”  is an occasion where families gather for dinner and family reunion.Since Chinese calender is lunisolar the new year in china is also referred to as “lunar new year” or agriculture or agrarian calendar’s new year. Chinese believes that every person grows one year older on the NEW year hence it is also considered to be everyone’s birthday.

9.Kites.soccer and first mechanical clock originated in china

The first kite was developed some 2300 years ago in the province of Shandong during autumn and spring period in Warrying empires.Today also Wei fang a city situated in Shandong produces the best kites in china. In olden days kites were used to frighten the enemies in the battle and Marco Polo also noted that kites can b used to predict the success of a voyage.

The original soccer was the chinese game of t’su chu, played around third century B.C. which had a ball which used to be formerly stuffed later inflated.Only the feet and body were allowed to propel the ball and the opposing teams tried to kick the ball through a hole in a silken net.

The first mechanical clock was invented by a Buddhist monk named Yi Xing in 725 A.D.Dripping water on a wheel operated this clock by making the wheel turn a full revolution in 24 hours.This system in turn caused a bell to ring at the end of each hour.

8.China has largest amount of pigs

China farms about 500 million pigs which is more than any other nation, almost one half fourth of the worlds total production.The number of pigs in china has roughly been doubled since 1970′s most of which are eaten domestically.China is also the worlds biggest producer of pork, about seven times more than united states the worlds second largest producer.In old days pig farming was pretty basic but it has turned much more industrialized today.

7.Teracotta army-an icon of china’s distant past

The Teracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by some local farmers of Lintong district, Xi’an, Shaanxi province. It is a collection of teracotta sculptures representing the army of first emperor of china, Qin shi huang, which was buried with the emperor with the intent of helping the king in his afterlife. The figures include over 8000 soldiers,130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, which were buried in three pits, majority of them near king’s mausoleum.

6.Nearly 394 million Chinese live on less than 2$ a day

according to 2009 estimates the amount of population living on $2 per day is approximately 468 million or 36%of the total population.The poverty rate which was 64% of the total population in 1981 has although improved. Between 1981 and 2005 the amount of population living on $1 per day has fallen from 85% to 15% but still the present estimations provide a drastic figure of 394 million living on less than $2 per day with a poverty rate of 13.1% which roughly reaches to 172 million.

5. Largest center of Christianity in the world

It is very well known that China is one of the world’s most populous countries and is also a home to world’s largest number of Christians living as a minority. Almost every major Chinese city has steeples of churches affiliated with one of the two state-approved and state-regulated Christian associations. The study of various research sources has reviewed that China has 67 million of Christians although it is difficult to nail down the exact number. It is further believed that Christianity’s next golden age will be in China.

4.Majority Chinese intake polluted water

Due to degraded sewage treatment and other facilities, water pollution has become the biggest problem for all the people living in China. The water they intake contains higher level of estrogenic as well as contraceptive compounds. Moreover it has been said that 65% of underground drinking reserves in 120 major Chinese cities is seriously polluted. This water pollution has been linked for high rates of liver, stomach and esophageal cancer in China. As China has only 7% of global water resources, the consumption of polluted water has given horrifying results and an unbalanced ecology.

3.Red symbol of China

The favorable red color of Chinese culture symbolizes good luck, good health, prosperity and happiness. The Chinese spread the red beauty by decorating their marriage customs with red costumes and red flowers. Including this they distribute red packets called hongbao to the near and dear ones on their new year. More specifically, the china people consider the red color as the ‘color of celebration’ and hence red color is of tantamount importance in the Chinese culture.

2. China host the oldest tree in the world

The oldest tree in the world is the Gingko tree of China. Gingko, the deciduous fan-shaped broad leaf tree is the origination of Jurassic age. It is often styled as the ‘living fossil’ which blooms only at night and possess an ancient yin-yang quality. Gingko trees, the symbol of longevity and vitality were known to survive catastrophic events. Gingko leaves and seeds have a wide range of medicinal properties thus serving a key part in herbal formulas for asthma, bronchitis, leucorrhea, etc. Also they ensure a great astringent effect.

1. Outer space (or moon) invisibility of Great Wall of China

The visibility of Great Wall of China from outer space is totally a fallacy which predates the space age. Not only this largest building, (the mightiest work of Chinese) but no other man-made object is visible once the altitude of more than few thousand miles is acquired at the time of leaving earth’s orbit. The Great Wall of China is basically built of materials that blend in with the surroundings from that height. Even continents are barely visible from moon then it could be estimated that how tough it will be to spot The Great Wall of China.

Besides these astonishing facts China boasts many other great contributions to the world. To name a few-  invention of Chinese porcelain, the much daily used toilet paper, invention of first instrument to detect earthquakes,crossbows were also invented and first used by Chinese.They were also first in the world to use chemical and gas weapons. Also China gets credit to invent ice-cream by packing a milk mixture and rice into snow.

10. The Flint Tornado

This tornado named the flint tornado is very much different from all the tornado on the list. The Flint tornado occurred as the summer was approaching in the northern states such as Michigan. The tornado came in 1953 and ruined the life of many people. It killed almost 116 people and around 844 were injured. 

9. The New Richmond Tornado

The New Richmond Tornado was not that strong and hazardous tornado but the misfortunes made this tornado to come on this list. In the new Richmond town on 12^th June, 1899, great crowd (around 1000 extra people) came from different places to see the circus. Everyone their enjoyed the circus but after the end of it tornado arrived  by creating dangerous debris in the center of the town and left no safe place to hide. Some people tried to take the refuge in the basement of O.J. Williams, a dry goods store but the tornado was at its full anger, it  flew away all the building and then attacked all the people with bricks who took underground shelter and killed around 117 people and left 200 injured.

8. The Amite Tornado

The Amite tornado was one of those tornado which scare the people by its name only. On 24^th April, 1908 at around 2:30 a.m. it started popping up and at its  worst damaged mainly three places  i.e. firstly, Louisiana Community of Amite, where total 29 innocent people were killed because of the great intensity of 2 mile wide tornado. Secondly, it created havoc in Mississippi which is a town of Purvis, where total 55 deaths occur and left only few houses standing and remaining all the homes were either damaged or were destroyed. Thirdly, near McCallum where the people try to protect themselves by taking shelter in the boxcars but storm played with them by tossing them 150 feet’s above in the air. The tornado was also named Purvis tornado because of its drastic havoc created in Purvis. The tornado lower down it’s violation at 11 p.m. but the tornado left its drastic fear by taking 143 lives and leaving 770 people badly injured.

7. The Joplin Tornado

 This Joplin tornado on a vast range hit the Southwest Missouri on 22^nd may, 2011. The tornado just before 6 p.m.  Directly hit the main centers  of the Missouri like St. Johns Medical Center where it created a great havoc, and lead to the death of six persons. In total the tornado turned apart the whole town including heavily inhabited neighborhoods which lead to death of 154 innocent people and 1000 persons were found badly injured.  Joplin tornado left the United States stunned by its disastrous and hilarious stroke which they last time faced in the year 1947.

6. The Woodward Tornado

This tornado named the Woodward tornado occurred on 9^th April 1947. The tornado killed 181 people and around 970 were injured. This tornado is said to be the first tornado which occurred in Tornado Alley. The tornado had its impact on Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. In Oklahoma, this tornado created a history of destruction. It ruined the small towns of Texas, as Texas was the origin of this tornado. It was a huge tornado, it almost covered 2 miles as its length. After the destruction by this tornado people lead to the discovery of warning programs and watches.

5. The Gainesville Tornado

The Gainesville Tornado occurred in Georgia. This tornado of 6^th April 1936, killed 203 people and at an average around 1600 people were injured. The tornado appeared like a funnel cloud. Much of the deaths due to this tornado occurred at Cooper Pants Factory. The factory collapsed and burned with fire because of the impact of this tornado. The tornado occurred in the morning, when the people arrived for work and so all the people present there died out of it. It is said that the two funnel cloud merged to form a big and more powerful storm near the Groove Street.

4. The Tupelo Tornado

The Tupelo Tornado also occurred at Mississippi in 5th April 1936. The tornado killed 216 people and around 700 were injured. This tornado damaged the undeveloped area of the town rather damaging the developed area. The undeveloped area had badly constructed houses in west and northeast sides. When official storm’s death toll was announced, the hospitals at the place were full, at that time all the places like theater etc has been converted into the hospital. They also made use of popcorn machines to sterilize surgical instruments. The rail boxcars were bought in city by the officials so as to give homes to the homeless people

3. The St. Louis Tornado

This tornado named the St. Louis Tornado occurred in 27^th may 1896. Around 295 people were killed and 1000 were injured in Illinois and Missouri. These days the effect of such storms over large cities is relatively small due to their restiveness construction. Now a days they are also using tornado warning systems to resist such kind of destruction. St. Louis which was considered to be one among the largest cities of America had been greatly affected by this storm. This city has majorly faced the largest number of severe storms. Large number of death occurred on the river named Mississippi. People who lived across the river on shanty boats were drifted because of the effect of this storm. There is not any perfect data which records the number of deaths occurred but it is assumed to be around 400.

2. The Natchez Tornado

The Natchez tornado is considered to be the second most dangerous tornado all around. This tornado occurred in Mississippi and Louisiana. In 7^th may 1840, this tornado had a vast effect. 317 people were killed and around 109 people were injured. It revolved around Louisiana and then crossed the Mississippi river and ruined all the plantations residing all along the delta. The storm took in many steamers and flatboats which carried a lot of goods for selling purpose.

1. The Tri-State Tornado

The Tri-State Tornado was there in 18^th march 1925. It had a vast effect on Missouri, Indiana and Illinois. At an average of 695 people were killed and around 2027 were injured. This Tri-State is said to be the most dangerous   tornado in the history of United States. The Tri-State tornado had a speed of 72 meters per hour and is also said to have the longest track which is around 219 miles. Because of its size and speed people thought this to be a combination of several tornado  rather than just one. This vast tornado had a remarkable effect on three states.

Mayan were the masters of astronomy; Mayan or Maya civilization were agriculturist, they needed a perfect notion regarding the rising and slumber of the sun so that they could grow their vegetation’s  Although they had no wisdom but they had brains; they were masters of mathematics and science and on the basis of the mathematics and science, they prepared entire tables which comprehended all activities which were to take place in the space between the stars and planets as well as the earth. The calculations they made were only till 21^st December 2012 because the nation was devastated and they couldn’t continue their research. One reason of the their downfall was because of a disease named “measles”; in Asia and Europe this is a daily basis thing therefore the body has the immunity to block the deadly effect but the Mayan people could not live through it. The rest of the folks who survived the disease settled in Mexico and become the Victims of the Spanish. After some time the folks acquired the independence from the Spanish and today they exist as the state of Mexico.

The Mayan civilization was completely ruined but what lived on were the predictions which they made on the basis of their calculations. The top ten predictions were:

10.  EARTHQUAKE IN JAPAN ON MARCH 2011:

The massive catastrophe under which Japan went in 11^th of March 2011 was predicted by the Mayan long ago. They mentioned some changes which the earth’s plate will undergo and they also predicted the date of the shifts in the earth’s plates. An earthquake of magnitude 8.9 followed by a tsunami was witnessed on the exact same date as predicted by the Mayan centuries ago.

9. TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE AUGUST 1999:

A complete solar eclipse was observed at earth on 11^th of august 1999. The eclipse was seen over the Atlantic Ocean first then came toward England. This eclipse was of very vital importance as for astronomical and fortune telling. It was the start of a new era for many religions. This solar eclipse was among the predictions which were made by the Mayans.

8. AMERICA’S NINE ELEVEN:

The biggest disaster the American nation ever witnessed was that of 9/11, in which the entire world trade centre was turned into ashes within few minutes. This event changed the face of America; no one ever considered the possibility of such an attack but the Mayans along ago predicted this event, “Great steel birds will fall from the sky and end the great city to the north”. Mayans knew the art of not only science but the art of manipulating the spirits.

7. DOWNFALL OF AZTECS:

The civilization of Aztec and Mayan existed side by side in the Yucatan peninsula. The Aztecs had strong military forces and they believed in wars but the Mayans were rural people who lived on their agriculture. The Aztecs were somewhat superior and more capable; they had more knowledge than the Mayan. Mayans were the masters of black magic and stuff like that and they predicted the downfall of the Aztec which turned out to be true.

6. DISCOVERY OF PLANET X:

The Mayans predicted the discovery of a Planet; they gave some hints regarding that planet saying it would be a dark sphere of energy and that it would go around the sun in an orbit of 750 thousand years. The planet was discovered later by the modern scientists and was given the name “Nibiru”.

5. EXISTENCE OF BLACK HOLE:

The Mayan predicted the existence of the black hole in the galaxy; they referred to the hole as “HUNAB KU”. The esteemed the “hunab ko” and considered it to be prominent creator. The black hole was discovered by the scientists later and is positioned at the centre of Milky Way.

4. SHIFTING OF EARTH’S PLATES IN WINTER 2012:

The predictions done by the Mayan regarding 2012 has been completely mistaken. First of all there is no such thing as that the world will end in 2012. The thing is that unfortunately the Mayan Calendar has the calculations only till the 21^st December because they civilization itself was coming to an end and they couldn’t make any progress. There is no such thing in Mayan calendar that the world will end on 21st December 2012 only because the calendar has calculations till the 21^st of December 2012. The calendar says that the earth will go under some massive climatic changes in the Winter solstice 2012, which may lead to some tsunami or storms; there are predictions that the earth will go under an cataclysms but they are prediction, mere ideas not some philosophy.

3. A COMET WILL APPEAR:

One of the biggest predictions of the Mayan is that a comet (A lightening ball) will appear in the galaxy will shoot towards the earth; its trajectory will be a threat to the human beings. No such comet has been seen up till now but it is among the seven vital prophecies of the Mayan.

2.  HUMAN WILL Transform INTO SPIRITUAL FORM:

A phosphorescent will be directed to the earth from the centre of the galaxy. When this light will be subjected to the earth, it will synchronize the human form and they will have a new spiritual form. They limit which exists between the material and the spiritual world will be abandoned. This prophecy was subject to the years from 1999 to 2002, but no such thing happened. There is only one limit which exists between the material and spiritual world, only one barrier is present and it is death.

1. THEIR OWN FIASCO:

In the year 1492 A.D, a Spanish sailor named Christopher Columbus began a voyage in quest of finding a route to Japan, after some time he did saw the land of Japan and landed there only to find that this is not the land of Japan but America. The natives living there were very rural and had no idea about the other world; for them the world is where they live. When the Spanish arrived there, the natives confused them with gods as the natives had a prophecy saying that the gods are about to arrive at their land. Out of esteem the natives bestowed the Spanish with gold, jewels and many rare ornaments. When the Spanish returned to their land with so much wealth, the Queen was very happy and instantly ordered to raid the natives and acquire all the gold and wealth. The Mayan prediction was as such that some men would eventually arrive at their land with white beards and horses, they confused them with gods. The prediction did come true but it resulted in their fiasco.

The minorities have always faced problem in a nation or country but no one has had the courage to speak up and to take a stand, and when that no one becomes someone, a spark breaks out which turns into the flame and then lighten up the entire nation. The problems have always existed among the minority but that flame was never ignited because no one had the gallantry to lighten up the entire nations. The thing is that there is always a way to shine even in the darkest hours of night only if someone remembers to switch one the lamp.

Earlier there were kings or emperors who served as the leaders of the nation but today there are groups of people who run the state; they are known as the government. There are five main kinds of government. First is the monarchy; in this kind of government the whole power belongs to the king or queen. Second is the dictatorship; in this form the entire power belongs to a person or a group of people. Third is the aristocracy; this is form in which the state is run by the wealthy people and the power belongs to them. The fourth one is the republic in which the people themselves select their leader or representative, who would fulfill their needs and demands. The fifth and the best form of government is the democratic form of government; the best known definition of a democratic government is “the government of the people, from the people and for the people”.

Today in this modern world; when human rights are given such vital importance, there are many countries which do not enjoy the democratic form of government. Among those pernicious and non democratic countries the top 10 are:

10. LIBYA:

There is no permanent bases government in Libya as the country has been going under the mercy of translational government. It is also said that the country runs under the military dictatorship, some say that Libya is an authoritarian state and it is run under the impact of the wealthy people; it doesn’t matter because what matters is that Libya does not enjoys democracy . Libya liberated itself from Italy in December 1951. There are many political parties in Libya but none of them has been able to form a stable and permanent government yet.

9. IRAQ:

Earlier the form of government exercised by the state of Iraq was the dictatorship form of government; the dictator was Saddam Hussein, who was hanged to death few years ago. Iraq has also been through the deadly nightmare which is known as War. After that Iraq has had no governmental system and has been living on bits and pieces; Also that some kind of civil war has been going on in the state. These days plan are in process to introduce a new form of government in Iraq which would be according to the demands of the citizen and would be able to fulfill their desires.

8. CUBA:

This country is a Communist State; it is the form in which all the power belongs to only one group or the wealthy people of the state. They control the income and economical growth of the country. They can make the decisions which will solely benefit them, not the estate. The human rights violation is very common in Cuba; human are nothing but the slaves of the Aristocrats.

7. NORTH KOREA:

Before the World War 2 was started, North Korea was a member of the Japan territory. As the war ended, many other things ended along with it and one of them was the alliance between North Korea and Japan. North Korea was separated from Japan approximately in the year 1945 under the leadership of Kim Il Sung. Sung started his own party with the support of some other workers; the party is known as KWP (Korean worker’s party). Since the independence of North Korea, the power has been in the hands of KWP and Sung family as the positions in the party has kept passing along in the family till now.

6. JORDAN:

The form of government in Jordan is monarchy as the whole power is exercised by the King. There is a whole legislative or cabinet which works under the king, the king also serves as the Army chief. Although the form of government is technically monarchy but the citizens of Jordan enjoy the liberty.

5. SAUDI ARABIA:

Saudi Arabia is one of the rich countries of the world. The system of the government in this state is the Monarchy form of government as the entire power belongs to the King (who has hold on country’s military forces as well). The king has appointed 13 governors for the 13 provinces of the country, but head of the state is the king who governs all the thirteen governors. There is entire cabinet beneath the king to help him and advise him regarding the social and economical issues of the country; the king himself also appoints his second in command, who is known as the Crown Prince; the crown prince is next in line to the throne.

4. TURKMENISTAN:  

For outsiders the form of government in Turkmenistan is said to the Democratic and presidential form of government but from inside it is mainly authoritarianism; the entire power belongs to the presidential administration. The government is also said to be Republic but the leaders or the representatives barely represent the people, they care for their own benefits.

3. SYRIA:

The form of government in Syria is recorded to be Republic; the government is run by the people themselves. But this is only recorded government, actually the form of government in Syria is said to be of dictatorship; States’ legislative branch is ruled by the People’s Council, which is concede as a dictatorship by the outsiders.

2. AFGHANISTAN:

The form of government in Afghanistan is the translational one currently; as the country has been in the state of wars for so many years and under such situation it is not possible to maintain a stable government. The type of government in Afghanistan is technically Islamic republic which means that the government is run by the people themselves under the influence and guidance of Islamic laws.

1. CHINA:

China has the communist form of government as the entire political, military, social and economical power belongs to the Chinese communist party. The economy of china is blooming and the country is prospering but there is no such thing as Human rights in China; the citizens are offered no liberty or independence. No freedom of expression or thoughts is available for the Chinese citizens.